global.conf

global.conf 文件位于 Conan 用户主目录中，例如 [CONAN_HOME]/global.conf。 如果它不存在，则会自动创建一个默认文件。

配置简介

global.conf 旨在保存一些 Conan 将使用的核心/工具/用户配置变量。 例如：

  • Package ID 模式。

  • 通用 HTTP (python-requests) 配置。

  • 下载/上传 recipe 时的重试次数。

  • 相关工具配置（由工具链、helpers 等使用）

  • 其他（所需的 Conan 版本、CLI 非交互式等）

让我们简要解释一下现有的三种类型的配置：

  • core.*: 旨在配置 Conan 核心行为的值（下载重试、package ID 模式等）。 只能在 global.conf 文件中定义。

  • tools.*: 旨在配置 Conan 工具（工具链、构建 helpers 等）的值，这些工具在你的 recipe 中使用。 可在 global.conf 和 profiles 中定义。

  • user.*: 旨在定义个人用户配置。 它们可以定义用户想要的任何内容。 可在 global.conf 和 profiles 中定义。

要列出所有可用的配置，请运行 conan config list

$ conan config list
core.cache:storage_path: Absolute path where the packages and database are stored
core.download:download_cache: Define path to a file download cache
core.download:parallel: Number of concurrent threads to download packages
core.download:retry: Number of retries in case of failure when downloading from Conan server
core.download:retry_wait: Seconds to wait between download attempts from Conan server
core.gzip:compresslevel: The Gzip compression level for Conan artifacts (default=9)
core.net.http:cacert_path: Path containing a custom Cacert file
core.net.http:clean_system_proxy: If defined, the proxies system env-vars will be discarded
core.net.http:client_cert: Path or tuple of files containing a client cert (and key)
core.net.http:max_retries: Maximum number of connection retries (requests library)
core.net.http:no_proxy_match: List of urls to skip from proxies configuration
core.net.http:proxies: Dictionary containing the proxy configuration
core.net.http:timeout: Number of seconds without response to timeout (requests library)
core.package_id:config_mode: How the 'config_version' affects binaries. By default 'None'
core.package_id:default_build_mode: By default, 'None'
core.package_id:default_embed_mode: By default, 'full_mode'
core.package_id:default_non_embed_mode: By default, 'minor_mode'
core.package_id:default_python_mode: By default, 'minor_mode'
core.package_id:default_unknown_mode: By default, 'semver_mode'
core.scm:excluded: List of excluded patterns for builtin git dirty checks
core.scm:local_url: By default allows to store local folders as remote url, but not upload them. Use 'allow' for allowing upload and 'block' to completely forbid it
core.sources.patch:extra_path: Extra path to search for patch files for conan create
core.sources:download_cache: Folder to store the sources backup
core.sources:download_urls: List of URLs to download backup sources from
core.sources:exclude_urls: URLs which will not be backed up
core.sources:upload_url: Remote URL to upload backup sources to
core.upload:parallel: Number of concurrent threads to upload packages
core.upload:retry: Number of retries in case of failure when uploading to Conan server
core.upload:retry_wait: Seconds to wait between upload attempts to Conan server
core.version_ranges:resolve_prereleases: Whether version ranges can resolve to pre-releases or not
core:allow_uppercase_pkg_names: Temporarily (will be removed in 2.X) allow uppercase names
core:default_build_profile: Defines the default build profile ('default' by default)
core:default_profile: Defines the default host profile ('default' by default)
core:non_interactive: Disable interactive user input, raises error if input necessary
core:required_conan_version: Raise if current version does not match the defined range.
core:skip_warnings: Do not show warnings matching any of the patterns in this list. Current warning tags are 'network', 'deprecated', 'experimental'
core:update_policy: (Legacy). If equal 'legacy' when multiple remotes, update based on order of remotes, only the timestamp of the first occurrence of each revision counts.
core:warnings_as_errors: Treat warnings matching any of the patterns in this list as errors and then raise an exception. Current warning tags are 'network', 'deprecated'
tools.android:cmake_legacy_toolchain: Define to explicitly pass ANDROID_USE_LEGACY_TOOLCHAIN_FILE in CMake toolchain
tools.android:ndk_path: Argument for the CMAKE_ANDROID_NDK
tools.apple:enable_arc: (boolean) Enable/Disable ARC Apple Clang flags
tools.apple:enable_bitcode: (boolean) Enable/Disable Bitcode Apple Clang flags
tools.apple:enable_visibility: (boolean) Enable/Disable Visibility Apple Clang flags
tools.apple:sdk_path: Path to the SDK to be used
tools.build.cross_building:can_run: (boolean) Indicates whether is possible to run a non-native app on the same architecture. It's used by 'can_run' tool
tools.build.cross_building:cross_build: (boolean) Decides whether cross-building or not regardless of arch/OS settings. Used by 'cross_building' tool
tools.build:cflags: List of extra C flags used by different toolchains like CMakeToolchain, AutotoolsToolchain and MesonToolchain
tools.build:compiler_executables: Defines a Python dict-like with the compilers path to be used. Allowed keys {'c', 'cpp', 'cuda', 'objc', 'objcxx', 'rc', 'fortran', 'asm', 'hip', 'ispc'}
tools.build:cxxflags: List of extra CXX flags used by different toolchains like CMakeToolchain, AutotoolsToolchain and MesonToolchain
tools.build:defines: List of extra definition flags used by different toolchains like CMakeToolchain, AutotoolsToolchain and MesonToolchain
tools.build:download_source: Force download of sources for every package
tools.build:exelinkflags: List of extra flags used by different toolchains like CMakeToolchain, AutotoolsToolchain and MesonToolchain
tools.build:jobs: Default compile jobs number -jX Ninja, Make, /MP VS (default: max CPUs)
tools.build:linker_scripts: List of linker script files to pass to the linker used by different toolchains like CMakeToolchain, AutotoolsToolchain, and MesonToolchain
tools.build:sharedlinkflags: List of extra flags used by different toolchains like CMakeToolchain, AutotoolsToolchain and MesonToolchain
tools.build:skip_test: Do not execute CMake.test() and Meson.test() when enabled
tools.build:sysroot: Pass the --sysroot=<tools.build:sysroot> flag if available. (None by default)
tools.build:verbosity: Verbosity of build systems if set. Possible values are 'quiet' and 'verbose'
tools.cmake.cmake_layout:build_folder: (Experimental) Allow configuring the base folder of the build for local builds
tools.cmake.cmake_layout:build_folder_vars: Settings and Options that will produce a different build folder and different CMake presets names
tools.cmake.cmake_layout:test_folder: (Experimental) Allow configuring the base folder of the build for test_package
tools.cmake.cmakedeps:new: Use the new CMakeDeps generator
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:enabled_blocks: Select the specific blocks to use in the conan_toolchain.cmake
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:extra_variables: Dictionary with variables to be injected in CMakeToolchain (potential override of CMakeToolchain defined variables)
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:find_package_prefer_config: Argument for the CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_PREFER_CONFIG
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:generator: User defined CMake generator to use instead of default
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:presets_environment: String to define wether to add or not the environment section to the CMake presets. Empty by default, will generate the environment section in CMakePresets. Can take values: 'disabled'.
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:system_name: Define CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME in CMakeToolchain
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:system_processor: Define CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR in CMakeToolchain
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:system_version: Define CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION in CMakeToolchain
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:toolchain_file: Use other existing file rather than conan_toolchain.cmake one
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:toolset_arch: Toolset architecture to be used as part of CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET in CMakeToolchain
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:toolset_cuda: (Experimental) Path to a CUDA toolset to use, or version if installed at the system level
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:user_presets: (Experimental) Select a different name instead of CMakeUserPresets.json, empty to disable
tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:user_toolchain: Inject existing user toolchains at the beginning of conan_toolchain.cmake
tools.cmake:cmake_program: Path to CMake executable
tools.cmake:install_strip: Add --strip to cmake.install()
tools.compilation:verbosity: Verbosity of compilation tools if set. Possible values are 'quiet' and 'verbose'
tools.deployer:symlinks: Set to False to disable deployers copying symlinks
tools.env.virtualenv:powershell: If specified, it generates PowerShell launchers (.ps1). Use this configuration setting the PowerShell executable you want to use (e.g., 'powershell.exe' or 'pwsh'). Setting it to True or False is deprecated as of Conan 2.11.0.
tools.files.download:retry: Number of retries in case of failure when downloading
tools.files.download:retry_wait: Seconds to wait between download attempts
tools.files.download:verify: If set, overrides recipes on whether to perform SSL verification for their downloaded files. Only recommended to be set while testing
tools.files.unzip:filter: Define tar extraction filter: 'fully_trusted', 'tar', 'data'
tools.gnu:build_triplet: Custom build triplet to pass to Autotools scripts
tools.gnu:define_libcxx11_abi: Force definition of GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1 for libstdc++11
tools.gnu:host_triplet: Custom host triplet to pass to Autotools scripts
tools.gnu:make_program: Indicate path to make program
tools.gnu:pkg_config: Path to pkg-config executable used by PkgConfig build helper
tools.google.bazel:bazelrc_path: List of paths to bazelrc files to be used as 'bazel --bazelrc=rcpath1 ... build'
tools.google.bazel:configs: List of Bazel configurations to be used as 'bazel build --config=config1 ...'
tools.graph:skip_binaries: Allow the graph to skip binaries not needed in the current configuration (True by default)
tools.graph:skip_build: (Experimental) Do not expand build/tool_requires
tools.graph:skip_test: (Experimental) Do not expand test_requires. If building it might need 'tools.build:skip_test=True'
tools.graph:vendor: (Experimental) If 'build', enables the computation of dependencies of vendoring packages to build them
tools.info.package_id:confs: List of existing configuration to be part of the package ID
tools.intel:installation_path: Defines the Intel oneAPI installation root path
tools.intel:setvars_args: Custom arguments to be passed onto the setvars.sh|bat script from Intel oneAPI
tools.meson.mesontoolchain:backend: Any Meson backend: ninja, vs, vs2010, vs2012, vs2013, vs2015, vs2017, vs2019, xcode
tools.meson.mesontoolchain:extra_machine_files: List of paths for any additional native/cross file references to be appended to the existing Conan ones
tools.microsoft.bash:active: If Conan is already running inside bash terminal in Windows
tools.microsoft.bash:path: The path to the shell to run when conanfile.win_bash==True
tools.microsoft.bash:subsystem: The subsystem to be used when conanfile.win_bash==True. Possible values: msys2, msys, cygwin, wsl, sfu
tools.microsoft.msbuild:installation_path: VS install path, to avoid auto-detect via vswhere, like C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community. Use empty string to disable
tools.microsoft.msbuild:max_cpu_count: Argument for the /m when running msvc to build parallel projects
tools.microsoft.msbuild:vs_version: Defines the IDE version (15, 16, 17) when using the msvc compiler. Necessary if compiler.version specifies a toolset that is not the IDE default
tools.microsoft.msbuilddeps:exclude_code_analysis: Suppress MSBuild code analysis for patterns
tools.microsoft.msbuildtoolchain:compile_options: Dictionary with MSBuild compiler options
tools.microsoft:msvc_update: Force the specific update irrespective of compiler.update (CMakeToolchain and VCVars)
tools.microsoft:winsdk_version: Use this winsdk_version in vcvars
tools.system.package_manager:mode: Mode for package_manager tools: 'check', 'report', 'report-installed' or 'install'
tools.system.package_manager:sudo: Use 'sudo' when invoking the package manager tools in Linux (False by default)
tools.system.package_manager:sudo_askpass: Use the '-A' argument if using sudo in Linux to invoke the system package manager (False by default)
tools.system.package_manager:tool: Default package manager tool: 'apk', 'apt-get', 'yum', 'dnf', 'brew', 'pacman', 'choco', 'zypper', 'pkg' or 'pkgutil'

用户/工具配置

工具和用户配置都可以在 global.conf 文件和 Conan profiles 中定义。 它们看起来像：

global.conf
tools.build:verbosity=verbose
tools.microsoft.msbuild:max_cpu_count=2
tools.microsoft.msbuild:vs_version = 16
tools.build:jobs=10
# User conf variable
user.confvar:something=False

重要提示

Profiles 中的值将优先于 global.conf 中全局定义的值。

以下是一些关于配置项范围和命名的提示：

  • core.xxx 和 tools.yyy 是 Conan 内置的，用户不能在这些范围内定义自己的值。

  • core.xxx 只能在 global.conf 中定义，或者通过 --core-conf CLI 参数定义，但不能在 profiles 中定义。

  • tools.yyy 可以在 global.conf 中定义，在 profiles 的 [conf] 部分定义，以及作为 CLI -c 参数定义

  • user.zzz 可以在任何地方定义，并且完全由用户自行决定，没有建立命名约定。 但是，这或多或少是预期的：

    • 对于开源库，特别是那些在 conancenter 中的库，可能需要 user.packagename:conf，就像 boost recipe 定义 user.boost:conf conf 一样。

    • 对于私有用途，建议为所有项目的全局组织配置使用类似 user.orgname:conf 的名称，为项目或软件包配置使用 user.orgname.project:conf 的名称，尽管如果项目名称足够唯一，则 user.project:conf 也可能很好。

    • 它们_必须_有一个 : 分隔符，例如 user.myorg:conf，而不是 user.myorg.conf 或 user.myorg。 这是为了与模式区分开，模式将在下面讨论。

配置文件模板

可以为 global.conf 使用 jinja2 模板引擎。 当 Conan 加载此文件时，它会立即解析并呈现模板，该模板必须生成一个标准的工具配置文本。

# Using all the cores automatically
tools.build:jobs={{os.cpu_count()}}
# Using the current OS
user.myconf.system:name = {{platform.system()}}

Conan 还会将 detect_api (非稳定，请阅读参考) 注入到 jinja 渲染上下文中。 你可以这样使用它：

user.myteam:myconf1={{detect_api.detect_os()}}
user.myteam:myconf2={{detect_api.detect_arch()}}

有关如何使用它的更多信息，请查看 profiles 参考中的 detect_api section。

传递到渲染模板的 Python 包是所有平台的 os 和 platform，以及 Linux 平台上的 distro。 此外，变量 conan_version 和 conan_home_folder 也可用。

配置数据类型

所有值都将被 Conan 解释为 python 内置 eval() 函数的结果

# String
tools.build:verbosity=verbose
# Boolean
tools.system.package_manager:sudo=True
# Integer
tools.microsoft.msbuild:max_cpu_count=2
# List of values
user.myconf.build:ldflags=["--flag1", "--flag2"]
# Dictionary
tools.microsoft.msbuildtoolchain:compile_options={"ExceptionHandling": "Async"}

配置数据运算符

在 global.conf 或任何 profile 中组合工具配置时，也可以使用一些额外的运算符：

  • += == append：将值追加到现有值的末尾（仅适用于列表）。

  • =+ == prepend：将值放在现有值的开头（仅适用于列表）。

  • *= == update：仅更新指定的键，保留其余部分不变（仅适用于字典）。

  • =! == unset：删除任何配置值。

global.conf
# Define the value => ["-f1"]
user.myconf.build:flags=["-f1"]

# Append the value ["-f2"] => ["-f1", "-f2"]
user.myconf.build:flags+=["-f2"]

# Prepend the value ["-f0"] => ["-f0", "-f1", "-f2"]
user.myconf.build:flags=+["-f0"]

# Unset the value
user.myconf.build:flags=!

# Define the value => {"a": 1, "b": 2}
user.myconf.build:other={"a": 1, "b": 2}

# Update b = 4 => {"a": 1, "b": 4}
user.myconf.build:other*={"b": 4}

配置模式

你可以使用软件包模式将配置应用于匹配的那些依赖项：

*:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:generator=Ninja
zlib/*:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:generator=Visual Studio 16 2019

此示例向你展示了如何为除 zlib 之外的所有软件包指定一个通用的 generator，zlib 将 Visual Studio 16 2019 定义为其 generator。

除此之外，很重要的一点是顺序很重要。 因此，如果我们更改上述配置行的顺序：

zlib/*:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:generator=Visual Studio 16 2019
*:tools.cmake.cmaketoolchain:generator=Ninja

结果是你为所有软件包指定了一个通用的 generator，仅此而已。 zlib 行不起作用，因为它首先被评估，之后，Conan 使用最通用的模式覆盖了该特定模式，因此值得特别注意顺序。

关于内置配置的信息

本节提供有关特定配置的额外信息。

网络配置

客户端证书的配置

Conan 支持客户端 TLS 证书。 你可以使用以下配置变量配置现有 Cacert 文件的路径和/或你的客户端证书（和密钥）：

  • core.net.http:cacert_path：包含自定义 Cacert 文件的路径。

  • core.net.http:client_cert：包含客户端证书（和密钥）的文件路径或元组。 有关更多详细信息，请参阅 Python requests and Client Side Certificates

例如：

[CONAN_HOME]/global.conf
core.net.http:cacert_path=/path/to/cacert.pem
core.net.http:client_cert=('/path/client.cert', '/path/client.key')

另请参阅：

  • tools.files.download:verify: 如果启用 tools.files.download:verify=False 会构成安全风险，因为它禁用了证书验证。 除非你了解其含义（即使如此，将配置正确地限定到所需的 recipe 也是一个好主意），或者你将其用于开发目的，否则请勿使用它。

代理

有 3 个 confs 可以定义代理信息

$ conan config list proxies
core.net.http:clean_system_proxy: If defined, the proxies system env-vars will be discarded
core.net.http:no_proxy_match: List of urls to skip from proxies configuration
core.net.http:proxies: Dictionary containing the proxy configuration

core.net.http:proxies 字典会传递给底层的 python-requests 库，作为 “proxies” 参数，如 python-requests 文档 中所述。

core.net:no_proxy_match 是一个 URL 模式列表，例如：

core.net.http:no_proxy_match = ["http://someurl.com/*"]

用于将 URL 从 proxies 配置中排除。这意味着所有匹配这些模式的 URL 都不会接收 proxies 定义。注意模式中的 * 对于匹配是必要的。

如果 core.net.http:clean_system_proxy 是 True，那么环境变量 "http_proxy", "https_proxy", "ftp_proxy", "all_proxy", "no_proxy" 将从环境中临时移除，因此在解析代理时不会考虑它们。

存储配置

core.cache:storage_path

存储 Conan 包和包数据库的文件夹的绝对路径。这个文件夹将是 Conan 最重的存储文件夹，因为它存储了下载或创建的二进制包。

global.conf
core.cache:storage_path = C:\Users\danielm\my_conan_storage_folder

默认值: <CONAN_HOME>/p

core.download:download_cache

存储 压缩 的 Conan 包的文件夹的绝对路径。这对于避免重复下载相同的包非常有用，尤其是在 CI 中。

global.conf
core.download:download_cache = C:\Users\danielm\my_download_cache

默认值: 未定义。

用户体验配置

跳过警告

Conan 在某些情况下会输出一些警告，可以通过 core:skip_warnings 配置，将警告标签添加到其值中来忽略这些警告。

这些警告是

  • deprecated：已弃用功能的提示信息，例如遗留生成器

  • network：与网络问题相关的提示信息，例如重试